Prep your tools. Line two baking sheets with parchment. Set your oven to preheat at 350°F (175°C) just before baking, not while you mix, to avoid rushing the chill time.
Mix the dry ingredients. In a medium bowl, whisk 2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour, 1 tablespoon cornstarch, 1 teaspoon baking powder, and 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt.
Set aside.
Cream the butter and sugars. In a large bowl, beat 3/4 cup (170 g) unsalted butter with 1/2 cup granulated sugar and 1/2 cup light brown sugar until light and fluffy, about 2–3 minutes. This traps air for a soft, bakery-style texture.
Add egg and vanilla. Beat in 1 large egg and 2 teaspoons vanilla until smooth. Scrape the bowl to ensure everything is combined.
Combine wet and dry. Add the dry ingredients to the butter mixture.
Mix on low just until no streaks of flour remain. The dough should be soft and slightly tacky, not sticky.
Make the cinnamon sugar. In a small bowl, stir 1/2 cup granulated sugar with 1 1/2 tablespoons ground cinnamon. Taste a pinch and adjust cinnamon to your preference.
Roll out the dough. Turn the dough onto a lightly floured sheet of parchment.
Pat it into a rectangle, then roll it to roughly 10 x 12 inches and about 1/4-inch thick. Keep edges as neat as you can.
Add the swirl. Lightly brush the surface with 1–2 teaspoons milk or cream if the dough seems dry. Sprinkle the cinnamon sugar evenly over the dough, leaving a 1/2-inch border on one long side.
Roll it up. Starting from the long side opposite the border, roll the dough into a tight log, using the parchment to help lift and guide it.
Seal the seam by pinching gently.
Chill. Wrap the log in parchment or plastic and refrigerate for 30–45 minutes until firm but sliceable. This step minimizes spread and keeps the swirl defined.
Slice. Using a sharp knife, trim the ends, then slice 1/3–1/2 inch thick rounds. Aim for even thickness so they bake consistently.
Bake. Arrange slices 2 inches apart on lined sheets.
Bake at 350°F (175°C) for 10–12 minutes, until edges are set and just turning golden. Centers should look slightly underbaked; they’ll finish on the sheet.
Cool. Let cookies rest on the baking sheet for 5 minutes, then move to a rack to cool completely. The texture settles as they cool, giving you soft middles and crisp edges.