Prep the pan: Heat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line an 8-inch square pan with parchment, leaving overhang for easy lifting. Lightly grease the parchment.
Melt the butter with sugar: In a medium saucepan over low heat, melt the butter.
Stir in granulated and brown sugars. Warm for 1–2 minutes, stirring, until the mixture looks glossy and a bit fluid—not boiling. This step helps that crackly top.
Cool slightly, then add eggs: Remove from heat.
Let sit 1–2 minutes so it’s warm, not hot. Whisk in the eggs one at a time until fully combined and slightly thickened. Mix in vanilla and salt.
Add cocoa powders and espresso: Sift in black cocoa, regular cocoa, and espresso powder.
Whisk until smooth and dark. The batter will look shiny and thick.
Fold in flour: Use a spatula to fold in the flour just until no dry streaks remain. Do not overmix.
If using chocolate chips, fold them in now.
Pan and smooth: Scrape batter into the prepared pan and smooth the top. Tap the pan once on the counter to pop air bubbles.
Bake: Bake 18–24 minutes, depending on your oven. You want set edges and a center that’s slightly soft.
A toothpick should come out with moist crumbs, not wet batter.
Cool and slice: Cool in the pan on a rack for at least 1 hour. For the cleanest slices and maximum fudginess, chill 30 minutes before cutting into squares.